Steam-boiler.



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No. 779,341. y

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

@noaa/Ufo@ @Hof/wma 5 PATENTED JAN. 3, 1905.

W. H. ALLDERDICE.'

STEAM BOILER.

APPLIGATION FILED 00T. 2e, 1904.

No. 779,341. PATENTED JAN, 3, 1905.

W. H. ALLDERDIGB.

STEAM BOILBR.

APPLIOATION FILED 00126. 1,904.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3. m62

` gfwventoz WEJZZZCZTZZLO@ 7@ v m+n UNITE STATES Patented January 3, 1905.

PATENT OEEICE.

STEAM-BOILER'.

SPECIFICATION forming` part of Letters Patent No. 779,341, dated January 3, 1905.

Application filed October 2B, 1904. Serial No. 230,086.

To cir/ZZ whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM: H. ALLDEP.- DICE, lieutenant commander United States Navy, stationed at Barberton, in the county of Summit and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Steam-Boilers; and I do hereby declare the following' to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appei'tains to make and use the same.

My invention relates to that class of watertube boilers in which horizontal or slightlyinclined generatingtubes are Yused, which tubes have one end closed and the other end secured in an opening into a suitable header, which header is connected to an overhead drum, into which drum the feed-water is inti'oduced and thence passes to the header and tubes, and into which drinn the steam generated in the tubes and header passes before being delivered to the engines or to the dome.

This invention relates more especially to the general type of boilers of which wellknown examples are the Niclausse and Drr boilers. In boilers of this type it has been practiced heretofore to provide internal circulating-tiibes which are generally concentric with the outer generating-tubes and which circulating-tubes open into the header and also open into the generating-tubes, generally near the closed end thereof, so that the feed-water may iiow in through the circulating-tubes and the steam generated may pass upward through the inclined generating-tubes to the header. Moreover, in boilers of this class a diaphragm is generally used separating the uptake, or steam, side from the d0wntake,or water, side of vthe header, so that the water may descend on one side of the diaphragm and after passing in one direction through the circulating-tubes and in the opposite direction through the generating-tubes,becoming wholly or partially evaporated, may return to the header on the other side of the diaphragm, the steam thence ascending to the drum.

The object of this invention is to do away with the necessity of using the internal circulating-tubes and in soine cases to do away with the diaphragm in the header, the required circulation of water and steam being obtained by taking advantage of the natural convection currents caused by the difference in density of the water due to difference of temperature, and more especially to the great increase in volume and consequent decrease in density of the water when it is generated into steam, thus causing the boiler to operate automatically under the iniiuence of the force of gravity without the necessity for either circulating-tubes or diaphragm. This result is accomplished by the structures hereinafter described and claimed.

Reference is had to the accompanying drawings, in which the same parts are indicated by the same characters throughout the several views.

Figure l illustrates diagraiiimatically the steam-containing and water-containiiig parts of one type of boiler constructed according to my invention. Details of the furnace and of thc boiler-casing are not shown, not forming part of my invention. Fig. 2 is a section,

oiian-enlarged scale, showing the connection t of one of the tubes illustrated in Fig. 1 with the header, parts being broken away. Fig. 3 is a similar view to that shown in Fig. 2, except that there is a slight modification in the cut-away portion of the generating-tube and the tube passes through the opening in the diaphragm without contact. Fig. 4 shows a further modification of the invention, in which the diaphragm is omitted. Figs. 2, 3,' and 4 show the application of my invention to a boiler in which the means employed for closing the ends of the tubes and the means employed for securing the tubes in the front and back walls of the header are the same as the means employed in the Niclaiisse boiler for these purposes. The yokes or dogs shown at the front side of the header in Fig. 1 are also of the forni used in the Niclausse boiler, each yoke or dog serving to hold two tubes in place, the purpose of this form of construction being to render the tubes removable.

without mutilation. Fig. 5 shows a structure generally similar to Fig. 4, except that aditferent means for closing the inner end of the tube is shown, as well as a different means of securing the tube in the header, the tube in this case being expanded into the front and back walls of the header and not being removable without mutilation of the tube. This arrangement is equally applicable to aheader with a diaphragm, the tube passing through an opening in the diaphragm without being secured thereto, similarly to the arrangement shown in Fig. 3. Fig. 6 shows a header provided with a diaphragm and a generatingtube having a ferrule inserted in the end thereof, the structure being another embodiment of my invention. Fig. 7 shows still another form of ferrule. Figs. 8 and 9 are details showing generating-tubes having ends cut away, generally similar to the shape of the ferrules illustrated in Figs. 6 and 7; and Fig. l() shows a form of ferrule which is a modification of the form shown in Fig. 6, the two ends being of the same diameter in Fig. 10.

In Figs. 8, 9, and l0 the generating-tubes and ferrule are shown as horizontal, as they are not here shown as connected with the headers; but in the other figures the tubes are shown as slightly inclined.

The tubes may be used either horizontal or inclined upward toward the header, as indicated in Fig. l; but a slight upward inclination is preferable, especially in marine boilers.

Referring now to Figs. l and 2, A represents the header separated into uptake, or steam, side and downtake, or water, side by the diaphragm A0.' Into this header the inclined tubes B are secured in any convenient way-- such, for instance, as shown in Fig. 2, which represents the way employed in the Niclausse boiler. These tubes are closed at one end, as at b, and at the other end, as U, and are held iirmly on their bearings in the header by means of the yokes or dogs C of the usual well -known construction, the arms of the yokes or dogs C being forced against the bottoms of the recesses in the plugs b, each yoke or dog holding two tubes in place. Above the boiler is provided a drum D. (Shown diagramma'tically in Fig. l). All the contents of the drum are not illustrated, as these are not a part of my invention. E represents the steam-pipe, and F represents the feed-water pipe, with valve.

Referring now more particularly to Fig. 2, the tube B is cut away, as at l, above a closed bottom portion 2 and is further cut away top and bottom, as at 3 and 4. This tube is provided with cone-frustum faces 5 and 6, which make tight circular line-joints at their lower extremities with the flanges a and a', the inner surfaces of which are conical and of slightly-greater taper than those on the tube. The tube passes through the opening co0 in the diaphragm A0 and is closed at one end with a ca'p b and at the other end with the plug engaging in the screw-threads Z22. 1t

is in contact with the diaphragm at a0, but

is not required to foi-m a tight fittherein. The arrangement here shown differs from that in common use in Niclausse boilers in that in the latter the tube is cut away, as at 3 and 4, on both sides of the header instead of on the downtake, or water, side only, and there is provided a circulating-tube the mouth of which is secured in a ring inside the generating-tube at a point abreast of the diaphragm and the length of which extends to a point near the closed end of the generatingtube. The closed portion 2 of the generatingtube in my invention is designed to obviate the necessity of using a circulating-tube.

The structure shown in Fig. 3 is generally similar to that already described with reference to Fig. 2, except that the tube B/ is provided with one large opening 7 on its upper side inside of the header, beneath which is the closed portion 8. The tube B passes through the diaphragm, as shown, without contact.

The structure shown in Fig. 4 is generally similar to that shown in Fig. 3, except that the header A has no diaphragm.

In the structure shown in Fig. 5 the tube B2 is expanded, as at 9 and l0, to fit in corresponding portions a2 of the header A2, and the inner end of the tube is closed by a cap b3, screw-threaded, as at to screw onto the end of the tube and provided with a iiange L to engage a packing-ring. This cap is screwed on by means of the angular head If.

In the form of device shown in Fig. 6 the tube Bj is expanded and beaded over, as at bl, to engage the inner wall of the header A3. Opening into this tube is the ferrule H, which is cut away on its upper side, as at t, and is closed on its bottom side, as at L. This ferrule has an enlarged portion 7b2 fitting in the opening (L0 in the diaphragm A0, and the opening a3 in theheader is closed by the screw-cap K, which may be turned by means of the head 7c. The diameter of this cap K is somewhat larger than the maximum diameter of the ferrule H, so that the latter may be conveniently inserted or removed, if desired.

In the form of device shown in Fig. 7 the header A* has no diaphragm and the ferrule H is in the form of a scoop open, as at its, and closed at the bottom, as at if.

Figs. 6 and 7 are given as showing the application of my invention to a tube secured into one wall only of the header. The expanded and beaded joint shown is not essential to the invention, nor is the screw-plug K. A tight conical joint between the tube and header, such as that used in the Drr boiler, would serve equally well, and the screw-plugs K may be replaced by covers secured in place by dogs without impairing the application of my invention.

In the form of tube shown in Fig. 8 the tube Bi is made cylindrical throughout, is cut away on its upper side, as at 12, and is closed on its lower side, as at 13. This forms IIO a modification of Fig. 6, the ferrule being made integral with the tube. It does not permit of beading the joint with the header.

In the device shown in Fig. 9 instead of the tei-rule H (shown in Fig. 7 the end ofthe tube is' made in the form of a scoop opening upward, as at 14, and closed at the bottom, as at l5. In the form of device shown in Fig l() the ferrule H2 opens upward, as at f, and is closed at the bottom, as at LG. This form of ferrule may be used in a tube such as B3. (Illustrated in Figs. 6 and 7.)

The operation of the device is as follows: Referring lirst to Figs. l and 2, the feed-water comes down in the front end of the header, passing through the openings 3 and 4 in the various tubes, and part of the water iows into the trough or channel along the bottom of the tube, and this water flows by gravity toward the inner end of the tube, and the steam generated rises to the upper side of the tube and enters the header at the steam side of the diaphragm through the opening l and, passing upward, goes through the\water in the drum D until it reaches the steam-pipe E, by which it is carried olf. Thus it will be seen that the openings 3 and 4 allow the Jfree passage of the water downward, and the bottom Q of the tube below the opening l forms a trough for the feed-water along the bottom side oi' the generating-tube and also serves as a deflector for the steam which passes from the tubes below upward on the steam side of the header.

In the device shown in Fig. 3 part. of the water is caught in the trough 8 and the rest of the feed-water passes down between the several troughs 8 to the generating-tubes below. rIhe steam rises upward through the opening 7 on the steam side oi' the diaphragm A".

In the Jform of device shown in `Fig.`4 the diaphragm is omitted; but it willbe obvious that the steam will rise upward just as soon as it passes into the header, and thus the steam will rise up on the right-hand side ot' the header and th'e water will descend on the lefthand side of the header, each following dit'- ferent paths, separated by an imaginary diaphragm.

The operation of the device shown in Fig. 5 is precisely the same as that shown in Fig. 4.

In the device shown in Fig. 6 the feed-water flows into the open end of the ferrule H and passes through the trough/L in the bottom of the ferrule into the tube B3, while the steam passes up into the steam side of the header through the opening It will be seen that the bottom It of the ferrule serves as a deiector for the steam rising from the tubes beneath.

In the form of device shown in 7 the ferrule H is in the form of a scoop open at the top, as at LQ, and closed at the bottom, as at if, and this scoop serves to catch the feedwater as it descends and to defiect the steam v as it rises.

In Figs. 8, 9, and 10 the tube or ferrule is shown as horizontal, and the action of a hori- Zontal tube will be generally similar to that of an inclined tube, although the circulation will not be so rapid. The application ot' these forms is not, however, limited to the horizontal position.

It will be obvious that the angle of inclination of the tubes may be varied at will, or the tubes may be horizontal, if desired. It will also be obvious that'various other modifications of my improvement in steam-boilers might be made which could be used without departing from the spirit of my invention.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is-

1. In a water-tube boiler, the combination with a header, of a plurality of generatingtubesprojec'ting from and opening into said header, the said tubes being closed at their outer ends and opening upward into said header near their inner ends and each being provided with a combined trough and delector below said opening and inclosed in said header, whereby feed-water is caused to be caught in said trough and the steam is per-- mitted to escape upward, and that steam passing upward from the tubes below is deflected, substantially as described.

2. In a water-tube boiler, the combination with a header, provided with a diaphragm separating the said header into two compartments, of a plurality of generating-tubes projecting from an'd opening upward into said header, the said tubes being closed at their outer ends and opening into said header near their inner ends and each being provided with a combined trough and deflector below said opening and inclosed in said header, whereby feed-water is caused to be caught in said trough and the steam is permitted to escape upward, and that steam passing from the tubes below is deiiected, substantially as described.

3. In a water-tube boiler, the combination with a substantially vertical header, ot' a plurality of inclined generating-tubes projecting downwardly from and opening into said header, the said tubes being closed at their outer ends and opening upward into said header near their inner ends and each being provided with a combined trough and deiiector below said opening and inclosed in said header, whereby feed-water is caused to be caught in said trough and the steam is permitted to escape upward, and that steam passing from the troughs below is deilected, substantially as described.

4. In a water-tube boiler, the combination with a header, of a plurality of downwardlyinclined generating-tubes projecting from and opening into said header, the said tubes being closed at their outer ends and opening into said TOO ISO

header near their inner ends and each being l In testimony whereoi'I aix my signature in Erovded with a combined trough und lleleeltor presence of two witnesses.

elow said opening und inclosed in suit ieac er, l Y w e whereby feed-witter is caused to be caught in TILLIAM H' ALLDERDM/E' 5 said trough and the steam is permitted to escape fitnessesz upward, and that steam passing 'from the tubes W. H; AUGK, below is deieeted, substantially as described. WVM. ECKERT. 

